Doctoral Theses (Textiles & Design)

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    The investigation of hand woven products and motifs in the Sultanate of Oman in order to rejuvenate a local market
    (Heriot-Watt University, 2009-11) Al-Zadjali, Zahra A.; Kalkreuter, Doctor Britta
    Traditional Bedouin rugs are considered to be one of the most valuable items of cultural heritage throughout the centuries in Oman. The methods for weaving these products and the motifs they employ are full of symbolism and explanations. In the last few decades, the modernization and imported rugs has forced weavers to abandon their craft, as it is not economically viable when forced to compete with the imported rug industry. Additionally, local people seem unable to find rugs, which meet their needs from amongst the locally hand-woven products, and this creates a demand for imports. A solution to this problem is sought in this investigation. The aim of this study is a revival of the original Omani handicrafts that are created by desert people, whose influence was uniquely exercised on the various artistic Islamic decorative motifs. In addition surveys of the local market‟s needs were undertaken to get a better understanding of this industry. The research concludes that an invigoration of the industry is possible; given certain training conditions and marketing effects. An experiment for possible future work was undertaken using computerized „Jacquard loom‟ production, with the aim of establishing soft furnishing textiles industry in Oman. These computerized looms, with their capability to produce different kinds of fabrics and patterns, can introduce traditional or Islamic motifs to soft furnishing fabrics into Oman which is what the local market requires.
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    An investigation of yarn spinning from electrospun nanofibres
    (Heriot-Watt University, 2009-05) Bazbouz, Mohamed Basel; Al Najjar, Dr Fayez; Kadi, Dr Nawar
    The aim of the thesis is to investigate yarn spinning from electrospun nanofibres. The concepts of staple and core yarn spinning on electrospun nanofibres has been investigated by examining nanofibre uniformity, alignment, twist insertion and yarn take up by engining and engineering a new take up mechanism. Nylon 6 nanofibres have been fabricated and used throughout this work. The effects of varying the electrospinning parameters such as applied voltage, polymer solution concentration and electrospinning distance on fibre morphology have been established for process optimization. A novel nanofibre aligning mechanism has been devised and systematically revised to enable optimization of alignment process parameters. MWCNTs have been successfully dispersed into nylon 6 nanofibres and have been aligned along the nanofibre body by manipulating the electric and stretching forces with the aid of the alignment mechanism. Novel mechanisms for spinning continuous twisted nanofibre/composite nanofibre yarn and core electrospun yarn have been researched, developed and implemented by making samples. It has been found that defining the velocity and count of the nanofibres entering the spinning zone is important for controlling the yarn count and twist per unit length. By modelling the electrospinning jet, mathematical equations for theoretically calculating the velocity of the jet and nanofibres and their count have been established, necessary for process control. Aspects of practical measurement and comparison of jet and nanofibre velocities have been described and discussed. Tensile testing of single nanofibre and nanofibre mats has been attempted for mechanical characterization. Initial results show the range of tensile strength of nylon 6 nanofibre assemblies and indicate the effect of change of process parameters. A review of those engineering mechanisms related to various nanofibre architectures and their industrial and commercial importance has also been reviewed, described and discussed.
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    An investigation into textile applications of photochromic dyes
    (Heriot-Watt University, 2008-09) Little, Anna Frances; Christie, Professor Robert; Wardman, Professor Roger
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    Synthetic and structural studies of high performance naphtholazo red pigments in relation to application performance
    (Heriot-Watt University, 2008-09) Huang, Hsiang-Yu; Christie, Professor R. M.
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    The advanced characterisation of gas plasma treated polymers
    (Heriot-Watt University, 2007) Warren, Jamie MacNeill
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    Molecular modelling aided design and synthesis of photochromic dyes containing a permanent chromophore
    (Heriot-Watt University, 2008-01) Rasheed, Ayesha; Christie, Dr R. M.; Wardman, Professor R.
    Photochromic dyes are a very important and relatively novel class of dyes. The usual, though not exclusive, behaviour of these dyes is to show a reversible colour change from colourless to coloured when exposed to UV light. Among the photochromic dye classes, spirooxazines and naphthopyrans were selected for investigation. An attempt was made to construct molecules with a permanent chromophore (azo) in spirooxazines as well as naphthopyrans separately, with a view to providing a colour change from one colour to another. Three different isomers of dihydroxynaphthalene were used as one group of starting materials for the synthesis of spirooxazines with the introduction of the azo (hydrazone) chromophore by coupling. Other starting materials used were anthraquinones, naphthoquinones and pyrazolones. A range of molecular modelling techniques (molecular mechanics, MM2 and quantum mechanics, AM1) using the CAChe system, were applied to predict optimized geometrical conformations and energies of the ring-closed form and ringopened merocyanine forms of all the dyes. PPP-MO calculations were also carried out to predict the potential colour of the dyes. The dyes were characterized using DSC, FTIR, NMR, UV-Visible spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The photochromic properties of one of the azospirooxazines was subjected to a detailed study under different experimental conditions, and showed a unique slow colour change from orange to grey.
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    Molecular design and synthesis of high performance fluorescent dyes for textile applications
    (Heriot-Watt University, 2007) Islam, Mohammed Saiful
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